Our initial focus is on the more than 5,000 bats that congregate every summer night right in downtown Olympia, spending up to six hours feeding on insects at Capitol Lake. Many of these bats arrive as pregnant mothers, and then continue to eat at the lake every night while they nurse their pups.
About 3,000 Yuma and Little Brown Bat mothers commute 16 to 20 miles round trip from a maternity colony in Woodard Bay in North Olympia.
Bats at Capitol Lake
Every night from May through September thousands of bats feed on insects over Capitol Lake in the center of Washington State’s capitol city, Olympia. While the lake reflects the Capitol Dome in the dusk, bats are weaving back and forth over the lake as they eat, staying for up to six hours a night. It’s “women and children first” for these bats. While pregnant and nursing females feed at Capitol Lake, the males are found at higher, cooler elevations, benefiting our forests by eating insects there.
- The regular visitors to Capitol Lake include:
- Yuma Bat (Yuma Myotis)
- Little Brown Bat (Little Brown Myotis)
- California Bat (California Myotis)
- Silver-haired Bat
- Big Brown Bat
- Hoary Bat
- Townsend's Big-eared Bat, which is on the state and federal Species of Concern lists and which is considered one of the rarest mammal species in the Northwest.
The Future of Capitol Lake Is in Question
Capitol Lake is a human creation in an area where the Deschutes River meets Puget Sound. An intense and complex debate is currently going on about the future of the lake. Input from the public will be sought in March-May of 2009. At stake is whether the lake will remain, whether it will be drained to create a tidal mudflat, or whether a combination of the two options will be chosen.
The Problem of Pollution
The Deschutes River has been polluted for some time. Much of this pollution has been captured in the Capitol Lake basin, which has not been dredged recently. Whether water from the river flows first into a lake or directly into Puget Sound, until the Deschutes River is cleaned up, pollution will be brought into the area.
History of the Lake
Twenty-nine blocks of downtown Olympia and portions of the Port of Olympia were created starting in 1909 by filling in the estuary of the Deschutes River with landfill, and at the same time dredging out a portion of what is now East Bay. Then in 1951 a dam was built by the current Fifth Avenue Bridge, creating the 260-acre Capitol Lake from an area that used to be a tidal mudflat. It is possible that this area may be returned, in whole or in part, to a tidal mudflat by removing the dam. This will partially recreate a portion of the former estuary within dramatically altered landforms.
Twenty-nine blocks of downtown Olympia and portions of the Port of Olympia were created starting in 1909 by filling in the estuary of the Deschutes River with landfill, and at the same time dredging out a portion of what is now East Bay. Then in 1951 a dam was built by the current Fifth Avenue Bridge, creating the 260-acre Capitol Lake from an area that used to be a tidal mudflat. It is possible that this area may be returned, in whole or in part, to a tidal mudflat by removing the dam. This will partially recreate a portion of the former estuary within dramatically altered landforms.
This interpretive sign shows the former shoreline of Olympia and the landfill. Fill is in light blue. The water features that exist today are shown in dark blue. Note that the bottom of the map points north. Only the northernmost part of Capitol Lake appears on the map. For more on history, see the General Administration website’s history of the lake.
For current studies and deliberations provided by the working group charged with choosing a preferred plan for the lake, see the Capitol Lake Adaptive Management Plan.
Wildlife Study
A Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife study examines the impacts on wildlife of each of three alternatives: keeping Capitol Lake as is, draining Capitol Lake to create a tidal mudflat estuary, or a combination of the two. Several thousand species are diagramed showing results for each option. Many species would gain from the change to an estuary, such as salmon, other fish that swim in both salt and fresh water, and a variety of birds (including surf scoters, goldeneyes, herons). Others would lose from draining the lake, such as bats, freshwater fish, and a different group of birds (including swifts, Purple Martins, swallows, gadwall, wigeon, mergansers).
Impact on Bats of Draining Capitol Lake
The bats now feeding at Capitol Lake would be negatively impacted by draining the lake and creating a tidal mudflat. The insects that regularly hatch all summer from the lake have been a stable food source for thousands of female bats living in Thurston County and for their growing pups. Removing the food source will result in bat deaths—and no one knows how many would die.
Bats reproduce very slowly, a maximum of one pup a year for the Yuma and Little Brown Bats. Once harmed, a bat population takes a long time to rebuild.
Bats live a long time, and form very stable patterns of feeding. In 2008, a pregnant female Little Brown Bat was captured and released near Roy, WA that had a band placed on her wrist in 1992. She was caught near the same spot as in 1992, showing how stable the association between a bat and a particular territory can be. We can assume that many of the bats using Capitol Lake also have been visiting the same section of the lake year after year, and may have great difficulty in finding alternative feeding sites.
Position of Bats About Our Town Regarding Capitol Lake Alternatives
Good water quality in Puget Sound is essential to the health of our ecosystem. We support cost-effective projects that have a good prospect of making favorable impacts on Puget Sound ecology. Our members are currently divided on the question of whether restoring part of the historic tidal mudflat would achieve those goals.
The bats should be part of the discussion about alternative futures for the lake.
Any scenario for the future involves dredging the lake. Do not dredge while the pregnant, then nursing, females are eating at the lake—that is, do not dredge May through September.
While the bats are still here, use their presence to educate the public about bats—our mammalian cousins that are often feared and maligned.
Washington State’s largest known bat colony is tucked away under an abandoned railroad trestle in North Olympia. Here female Yuma and Little Brown Bats cluster together in the trestle above the waters of Puget Sound.
Abandoned Railway Trestle Provides Bat Habitat
Photo © Greg Falxa
Where once the Weyerhauser Corporation moved logs, using a train to bring them to Henderson Inlet and tugboats to escort the logs north to Everett, mother bats give birth to bat pups, seals hauled out on log booms give birth to seal pups, and Great Blue Herons in the nearby forest rookery hatch their eggs on ungainly nests, huge platforms of sticks.
Weyerhauser abandoned the site in 1984; by 1988 the area became the Woodard Bay Natural Resources Conservation Area. This wildlife refuge of approximately 680 acres sits in a rural portion of Thurston County, about a 15-minute drive to the northeast of Olympia. Here, along the western shore of Henderson Inlet, two bays connect to the inlet, creating a V-shaped intersection as if a hand were making a sidewise victory sign. The southernmost, Woodard Bay, has given its name to the area. The northernmost, Chapman Bay, is where the bats have their maternity roost.
Woodard Bay NRCA contains a wide range of habitats, from tidelands that are mudflats at low tide to second growth forest to freshwater wetlands and streams. Here, so close to urban centers, nature abounds—approximately 175 species of birds have been inventoried, for example.
For the 3,000+ members of the bat colony, the railway trestle provides a safe, warm place to raise their young. The mother bats prefer the section of the trestle where large steel plates underlying the tracks still remain. The steel captures and radiates heat, helping bats already massed together for warmth gather even more warmth in the cool spring and early summer. Any time the bats get too warm, they simply spread out a bit.
These bats don’t find the insects they need over mudflats or over salt water. Woodard Bay’s forested areas can give tiny, relatively solitary California Batsthe insect food they like among the trees. The area doesn’t provide food for the Yuma and Little Brown Bats, who seek the insects hatching from large bodies of fresh water. Rather, these bats make a nightly commute to find food elsewhere. Their favorite spot is Capitol Lake in the center of downtown Olympia, a 16-20 mile round trip distance from the trestle. See A Night at Capitol Lake to learn more. The mother bats’ commute is the longest known summer feeding distance traveled in North America for these two species.
Where once the Weyerhauser Corporation moved logs, using a train to bring them to Henderson Inlet and tugboats to escort the logs north to Everett, mother bats give birth to bat pups, seals hauled out on log booms give birth to seal pups, and Great Blue Herons in the nearby forest rookery hatch their eggs on ungainly nests, huge platforms of sticks.
Weyerhauser abandoned the site in 1984; by 1988 the area became the Woodard Bay Natural Resources Conservation Area. This wildlife refuge of approximately 680 acres sits in a rural portion of Thurston County, about a 15-minute drive to the northeast of Olympia. Here, along the western shore of Henderson Inlet, two bays connect to the inlet, creating a V-shaped intersection as if a hand were making a sidewise victory sign. The southernmost, Woodard Bay, has given its name to the area. The northernmost, Chapman Bay, is where the bats have their maternity roost.
Woodard Bay NRCA contains a wide range of habitats, from tidelands that are mudflats at low tide to second growth forest to freshwater wetlands and streams. Here, so close to urban centers, nature abounds—approximately 175 species of birds have been inventoried, for example.
For the 3,000+ members of the bat colony, the railway trestle provides a safe, warm place to raise their young. The mother bats prefer the section of the trestle where large steel plates underlying the tracks still remain. The steel captures and radiates heat, helping bats already massed together for warmth gather even more warmth in the cool spring and early summer. Any time the bats get too warm, they simply spread out a bit.
These bats don’t find the insects they need over mudflats or over salt water. Woodard Bay’s forested areas can give tiny, relatively solitary California Batsthe insect food they like among the trees. The area doesn’t provide food for the Yuma and Little Brown Bats, who seek the insects hatching from large bodies of fresh water. Rather, these bats make a nightly commute to find food elsewhere. Their favorite spot is Capitol Lake in the center of downtown Olympia, a 16-20 mile round trip distance from the trestle. See A Night at Capitol Lake to learn more. The mother bats’ commute is the longest known summer feeding distance traveled in North America for these two species.
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